By
Thomas L. Friedman
The
more time you spend in India the more you realize that this teeming,
multiethnic, multireligious, multilingual country is one of the world's
great wonders - a miracle with message. And the message is that democracy
matters.
This truth hits you from every corner. Consider Bangalore, where the
traffic is now congested by all the young Indian techies, many from
the lower-middle classes, who have gotten jobs, apartments - and motor
scooters - by providing the brainpower for the world's biggest corporations.
While the software designs of these Indian techies may be rocket science,
what made Bangalore what it is today is something very simple: 50
years of Indian democracy and secular education, and 15 years of economic
liberalization, produced all this positive energy.
Just across the border in Pakistan - where the people have the same
basic blood, brains and 
civilizational
heritage as here - 50 years of failed democracy, military coups and
imposed religiosity have produced 30,000 madrassahs - Islamic schools,
which have replaced a collapsed public school system and churn out
Pakistani youth who know only the Koran and hostility toward non-Muslims.
No,
India is not paradise. Just last February the Hindu nationalist B.J.P.
government in the state of Gujarat stirred up a pogrom by Hindus against
Muslims that left 600 Muslims, and dozens of Hindus, dead. It was
a shameful incident, and in a country with 150 million Muslims - India
has the largest Muslim minority in the world - it was explosive. And
do you know what happened? Nothing happened.
The rioting didn't spread anywhere. One reason is the long history
of Indian Muslims and Hindus living together in villages and towns,
sharing communal institutions and mixing their cultures and faiths.
But the larger reason is democracy. The free Indian press quickly
exposed how the local Hindu government had encouraged the riots for
electoral purposes, and the national B.J.P. had to distance itself
from Gujarat because it rules with a coalition, many of whose members
rely on Muslim votes to get re-elected. Democracy in India forces
anyone who wants to succeed nationally to appeal across ethnic lines.
"Even when Gujarat was burning, practically the whole of India
was at peace - that is the normal pattern here," said Syed Shahabuddin,
editor of Muslim India, a monthly magazine, and a former Indian diplomat.
"India is a democracy, and more than that, India is a secular
democracy, at least in principle, and it does maintain a certain level
of aspiration and hope for Muslims. . . . If there were no democracy
in India, there would be chaos and anarchy, because so many different
people are aspiring for their share of the cake." It is precisely
because of the "constitutional framework here," added Mr.
Shahabuddin, that Indian Muslims don't have to resort to terrorism
as a minority: "You can always ask for economic and political
justice here."
It is for all these reasons that the U.S. is so wrong not to press
for democratization in the Arab and Muslim worlds. Is it an accident
that India has the largest Muslim minority in the world, with plenty
of economic grievances, yet not a single Indian Muslim was found in
Al Qaeda? Is it an accident that the two times India and Pakistan
fought full-scale wars, 1965 and 1971, were when Pakistan had military
rulers? Is it an accident that when Pakistan has had free elections,
the Islamists have never won more than 6 percent of the vote?
Is it an accident that the richest man in India is an Indian Muslim
software entrepreneur, while the richest man in Pakistan, I will guess,
is from one of the 50 feudal families who have dominated that country
since its independence? Is it an accident that the only place in the
Muslim world where women felt empowered enough to demand equal prayer
rights in a mosque was in the Indian city of Hyderabad? No, all of
these were products of democracy. If Islam is ever to undergo a reformation,
as Christianity and Judaism did, it's only going to happen in a Muslim
democracy.
People say Islam is an angry religion. I disagree. It's just that
a lot of Muslims are angry, because they live under repressive regimes,
with no rule of law, where women are not empowered and youth have
no voice in their future. What is a religion but a mirror on your
life?
Message from India to the world: Context matters - change the political
context within which Muslims live their lives and you will change
a lot.- Courtesy New York Times
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